Anti-β2 Glycoprotein 1 Antibody (β2-GPI) ELISA Kit

Short Description:

β2-Glycoprotein 1 (β2-GPI), also known as apolipoprotein H, is a single-chain glycoprotein primarily produced by hepatocytes and present in plasma. It was first discovered by Schuhzer in 1961. In recent years, with the continuous deepening of research into the structure and function of β2-GPI, it has been identified as a key link in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Studies have found that the presence of anti-β2-GPI autoantibodies is a risk factor for increased thrombotic events in APS patients. Meanwhile, research on thrombosis in non-autoimmune diseases has also revealed abnormal expression of β2-GPI and its related proteins. Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), officially named in 1985, is a non-organ-specific autoimmune disease. Clinically, it is mainly characterized by recurrent arteriovenous thrombosis, habitual abortion, and thrombocytopenia, with serological features of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). As the main target antigen of aPL, β2-glycoprotein 1 plays a crucial role in thrombus formation in APS. Compared with anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL), anti-β2-glycoprotein 1 antibodies have higher specificity in the diagnosis of APS. Although anti-β2-glycoprotein 1 antibodies themselves do not induce clinical manifestations, in APS patients, they can interfere with the body’s coagulation and fibrinolysis processes by binding to negatively charged phospholipids, thereby playing a critical role in thrombotic events in APS. Additionally, in the diagnostic process of APS, considering the high specificity of anti-β2-glycoprotein 1 antibodies, combined detection of anti-β2-glycoprotein 1 antibodies and aCL is more conducive to the diagnosis of APS. In recent years, the detection rate of anti-β2-glycoprotein 1 antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients ranges from 5% to 40%. A large number of studies have indicated that multiple systemic complications of SLE may be related to β2-glycoprotein 1, such as coronary atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, heart valve damage, lupus nephritis with glomerular microthrombosis, cerebral infarction, epilepsy, chorea, migraine, and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Previous studies have shown correlations between aCL, lupus anticoagulant (LA), and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). As the main target antigen of aCL, β2-glycoprotein 1 and its corresponding autoantibodies (anti-β2-GPI) have been reported to be significantly associated with a positive Coombs test in SLE patients.